The City of Screams: Shahr-e Gholghola in Bamyan
Overlooking the Bamyan Valley, the ruins of Shahr-e Gholghola, often referred to as the “City of Screams,” stand as one of the most significant historic sites in the region.
From a distance, it appears as a low, earthen hill, blending into the landscape. But as you get closer, the remains of walls, towers, and pathways begin to take shape, revealing what was once a fortified city.
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A Fortress Above the Valley
Shahr-e Gholghola was built as a defensive stronghold, positioned to oversee and control the Bamyan Valley below.
Its elevated location provided clear views across the surrounding farmland and towards the mountains beyond. From here, it would have been possible to monitor movement through the valley and respond to potential threats.
The structure itself was constructed from compacted earth and stone, typical of the region, with layered walls and internal pathways forming a complex defensive layout.
The Origin of the Name
The name “City of Screams” is linked to the Mongol invasion of the 13th century.
According to historical accounts, the city was besieged and eventually destroyed during the advance of Genghis Khan’s forces. The name reflects the violence of that period, with stories passed down over time giving the site its current identity.
Today, the ruins are quiet, but the name remains.
Walking Through the Ruins
Reaching the top of Shahr-e Gholghola involves a steady climb through the remains of the old city.
As you move upward, sections of walls, rooms, and pathways become more visible. The layout is still traceable, even after centuries of erosion.
From the higher points, the view opens out across the Bamyan Valley:
- Green agricultural fields below
- Small villages scattered across the land
- Mountain ranges stretching into the distance
It becomes clear why this location was chosen.
Part of Bamyan’s Wider History
Shahr-e Gholghola is one of several key historic sites in Bamyan.
Nearby, the Red City (Shahr-e Zohak) offers another example of a defensive settlement, while the famous Bamyan Buddhas represent the region’s religious and cultural past.
Together, these sites show different aspects of Bamyan’s history, from strategic strongholds to spiritual centres.
A Landscape That Holds Its History
One of the most striking aspects of Shahr-e Gholghola is how it has been left.
There has been no large-scale reconstruction. The ruins remain as they are, shaped by time, weather, and the environment.
This gives the site a sense of authenticity. It is not curated or heavily restored, but experienced as part of the landscape.
Final Thoughts
The City of Screams is one of the defining historic sites of Bamyan.
Its position, history, and scale make it an important part of understanding the region, even if much of what once stood has been reduced to ruins.
For those visiting Bamyan, it offers a different perspective, one that connects the valley’s past with the landscape seen today.
